TWANDIKIRE UBUTUMWA
BACKGROUNDUmwubatsi/Architecte JB Ntagwabira afite uburambe bw’imyaka irenga 15 haba mu Rwanda no muri Afrika y’epfo mubwubatsi, harimo n’umwaka umwe w’ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kubibazo by’ubuhehere(humidite) munkuta z’amazu. Uwashinze DASUCO LTD muri icyo gihe cyose yabashije kwegeranya ubumenyi bwinshi mubwubatsi mubijyanye no kuvura/kurwanya humidite ndetse no kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’inyubako.
SERIVISI DUTANGA:
1. Kurwanya Humidite
2. Ubugenzuzi bw’inyubako
1. KURWANYA HUMIDITE
Ni igikorwa cyo gucukumbura ubwoko bwa humidite bwibasiye inkuta z'inzu hamwe n'icyayiteye hanyuma hagashakwa igisubizo cyayirandura burundu:
-Kumenya impamvu zitera humidite
-Kumenyekanisha ubwoko bwa humidite
-Raporo ngufi yanditse y’ubugenzuzi
-Sisitemu yo gukusanya amazi y'imvura
-Kuvura neza humidite
KUMENYA IMPAMVU ITERA HUMIDITE:DASUCO LTD ikoresha ibipimo bitandukanye kugirango hamenyekane niba ibibazo by'ubukonje bihari. dukusanya amakuru yose ajyanye n’ikibazo kandi dukora isuzuma ryuzuye ry’impamvu zitera ubukonje munkuta z’inzu. Kugirango dusuzume kandi twige uko inzu yawe imeze, itsinda ryacu ry’ubugenzuzi rigomba gusuzuma ibintu byinshi. Ikibazo cya mbere ugomba kwibaza ni iki: Ikibazo n’ikihe? Ni izihe ngaruka ikibazo kigira ku nkuta zinyubako? etc.
KUMENYA UBWOKO BWA HUMIDITE:Icyiciro cyingenzi mu gusesengura impamvu ni ugusubiza ikibazo, "Ni izihe mpamvu zitera iki kibazo?" dukusanya ibintu byose biranga kandi bigatanga ubusobanuro bwikibazo, twibaza ngo ni ikibazo gisubiramo? Ese ibyabaye bibaho kenshi? Iri tsinda rikoresha ibikoresho n’ubuhanga bwihariye, nkigikoresho kigaragaza ubuhehere munkuta, tekiniki yo Kumisha (LOD) harimo ibizamini by’ubutaka muri laboratoire aho biri ngombwa, turebera hamwe kandi niba ubuhehere buterw n’ubukonje bukabije buva muri fondasiyo cg se niba ari ikibazo cy’ibikoresho bibasha guterwa n’umunyu kuko abubatsi benshi ntibumva kimwe ikibazo cy’imyunyu imunga ibikoresho bigize inyubako.
Amazu menshi twasuzumye mu gace ka Kigali yakunze kwerekana “ikibazo cy’umunyu,” kikaba kititaweho cyane n’inzobere z’ubwubatsi, KUKO AKENSHI TWASANZE INZU NYINSHI ZIFITE IKIBAZO CYA HUMIDITE ZITARASANGANYWE UBUHEHERE BWAGENWE N’IMPUGUKE MUKUVURA HUMIDITE.
UBURYO BWO GUFATA AMAZI Y’IMVURAAmazi atemba akumirwa no kuyakusaniriza ahantu habugenewe. Ugororotse hejuru y'inzu, amazi y'imvura arakusanwa kandi akerekezwa mucyobo mu buryo bwimbitse cg akerekezwa mu kigega. Ibyavuye mu igenzura ryacu ku ntandaro y’ubuhehere/humidite mu nkuta z’inyubako, twasanze hejuru ya 50% y’inyubako tumaze gusuzuma zifite ibibazo by’ubuhehere/humidite, biterwa no kudashyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo gukusanya amazi y’imvura. Kubwibyo, iyo dusuye inyubako kugirango dukore ubugenzuzi bwigitera umidite munkuta zinzu yawe, DASUCO LTD ikintu cya mbere twitaho ni ukugenzura uburyo bwo gufata amazi y’imvura.
Tuzenguruka inyubako yawe kugirango dusuzume sisitemu yo gutemba kw’amazi hafi yinzu, ituma inyubako zitaba mumazi twemerera amazi gutemba hasi. Kugira ngo dukureho amazi kandi tuyerekeze ahabigenewe, abakozi bacu bagomba kandi gusuzuma sisitemu yo gutemba kwamazi, hamwe n’ubundi buryo bwo gushyigikira inzu tuyirinda ko amazi yakwijira mubutaka bwaho yubatse. Ni ngombwa gukurikirana no kubungabunga inyubako; niba imiyoboro ikwiye yarashyizweho, kuko ayo mazi uko ajya mubutaka niko yegera inyubako,kubungabungaibyo rero birushaho kurwanya ko ubuherere bwakwinjira murukuta.
Igenzura ririmo kandi kureba imiyoboro iyo ari yo yose yangiritse, Kubera ko amatiyo y'amazi yo mu mazu hamwe nimiyoboro yamzi yakoreshejwe ashobora rimwe na rimwe gutera ubukonje bukabije mu gihe runaka. Ntakintu cyirengagizwa mugihe cyo kugenzura sisitemu yo kumena amazi; dushakisha kandi ikintu cyose gishobora kwemerera amazi kwinjira munsi yubutaka kuko bitera ibibazo byinshi.
RAPORO NGUFI YANDITSE Y'UBUGENZUZIRaporo yubugenzuzi kucyateye ubuhehere/humidite ifasha kumva ubwoko bw’ikibazo no kwerekana intambwe zigomba guterwa kugirango ngo gikemuke aha cyane cyane ni kuruhande rwanyirinzu mugihe yaba atarafata umwanzuro wicyo gukora cg se akaba yifuza no kuba yakoresha indi mpugucye mukurwanya humidite. Mu rwego rw’ubugenzuzi, itsinda ripima ingano y’ubuhehere buri mu nkuta zinzu hakoreshejwe ibikoresho n’ubuhanga dufite. Raporo yoherezwa kubakiriya cyangwa nyir'inyubako nyuma yo gusuzuma neza ikibazo no kumenya icyabiteye. Ikibazo cyagaragajwe hatangwa inama y’uburyo cyacyemukamo, ndetse hamwe n’igiciro cyo gusana aho hangiritse.
KUVURA HUMIDITEKimwe mu bibazo bikunze kugaragara mu mazu, cyane cyane amazu yo muri iki gihe, ni humidite/buhehere iterwa n’ubukonje muzamukira muri fomdasiyo ibyo bita “capillary rise” mu rurimi rw’icyongereza. Kubera impamvu ziyitera, ubwo buhehere buragoye cyane kubuvura. iyo bimaze kumenyekana icyayiteye, intambwe ikurikira ni ukuvura ubwo buhehere. Waba warigeze wibaza impamvu ubona humidite kunkuta zinzu yawe? No kwibaza igitera ubwo bukonje kunkuta? Iki n’igice kitoroshye mukuvura humidite. Ubwo bukonje butangirira kugice cyo hasi kurukuta hasi hasi cyane utabonesha amaso muri fondasiyo cg munsi y’ubutaka. Nkumwubatsi ufite uburambe bwimyaka irenga 15, reka ntange umuburo kubafite amazu bose, Nakoze ku mishinga itandukanye yo kubaka, harimo inyubako rusange, ibigega, n'ibiraro. Mu myaka micye ishize, nafashe icyemezo cyo gucukumbura byinshi mubibazo bya humidite hano mu Rwanda, Hariho abashoramari benshi bakora cyangwa bacuruza imiti ivura humidite nta bumenyi bafite kubibazo bya humidite cg se ubwoko bwa humidite bwiganje hano mu Rwanda mubushobozi niyumvagamo byansabye gukora ubushakashatsi kugirango nsobanukirwe byimbitse kuriyi ngingo. Nabonye abubatsi bakorera amafaranga batagize icyo bakosora, rimwe na rimwe bigatuma ibintu biba bibi kurusha aho usanga nyirinzu yitegura guhora asanura hafi buri mwaka cg ibiri. Mbere yo gutekereza gushaka umwubatsi kugirango arangize akazi kawe, nyamuneka ntutindiganye kutwandikira kugirango tukugenzurire inyubako ndetse tuguhe inama yuko witwara mbere yo gutangira imirimo yo gusanura inzu yawe.
KUGIRA INAMA "KUBURIRA"Nkumwubatsi/Architecte ufite uburambe bw’imyaka irenga 15, reka ntange umuburo kubafite amazu bose, Nakoze ku mishinga itandukanye yo kubaka, harimo inyubako rusange, ibigega, n'ibiraro. Mu myaka micye ishize, nafashe icyemezo cyo gucukumbura byinshi mubibazo bya humidite hano mu Rwanda, Hariho abashoramari benshi bakora cyangwa bacuruza imiti ivura humidite nta bumenyi bafite kubibazo bya humidite cg se ubwoko bwa humidite bwiganje hano mu Rwanda mubushobozi niyumvagamo byansabye gukora ubushakashatsi kugirango nsobanukirwe byimbitse kuriyi ngingo. Nabonye abubatsi bakorera amafaranga batagize icyo bakosora, rimwe na rimwe bigatuma ibintu biba bibi kurushaho aho usanga nyirinzu yiteguye guhora asanura hafi buri mwaka cg ibiri. Mbere yo gutekereza gushaka umwubatsi kugirango arangize akazi kawe, nyamuneka ntutindiganye kutwandikira kugirango tukugenzurire inyubako ndetse tuguhe inama yuko witwara mbere yo gutangira imirimo yo gusanura inzu yawe.
REKA DUSUZUMIRE HAMWE IMPAMVU 12 ZIDASANZWE Z'IBIBAZO BY'INGENZI BITERA HUMIDITE:
1.UBUKONJE BUZAMUKA MUNSI Y'UBUTAKA: Iyo amazi y’ubutaka yinjiye munkuta (ntago yinjira nk’amazi nyirizinana ahubwo yinjira nkumwuka uwo mwuka rero niwo ujyenda ukangiza ibikoresho bigize inkuta ukaba utanabona ko aho hantu hafite ubuhehere iyo ikaba ariyo humidite igoranye kuvura kandi iriganje cyane muri izinzu zo muri kigihe) kuko ubuhehere buva munsi y’ubutaka binyuze mubikoresho byoroshye. Ibi bibaho mugihe inkuta zawe agashashi gashyirwaho ngo gakureho isano iri hagati ya fondasiyo ninkuta kangiritse cg se kashyizweho nabi ariko kazwi nka roofing, mucyongereza kitwa DPM(Damp proof membrane) abandi bakita DPC, ikindi gishobora guteza ubuhehere ni inkuta zinyuma zigiye ziherereye ahantu hari ubutaka bubika amazi cg se bwifitemo ubukonje bukabije mugihe cy’izuba cg se imihindagurikire y’ikirere ihindutse habaho evaporation hanyuma ubukonje buri munkuta bwo ntibubone uko busohokamo niko kumaramo igihe bukangiza aho buherereye.
ICYITONDERWA: nkuwakoze ubushakashatsi kandi ukibukora kuri humidite udushashi cg se roofing cg se DPC ishyirwa hejuru ya fondasiyo ngo ikureho isano riri hagati ya fondasiyo n’urukuta ntago ikora akazi kayo kukigero cya 90% kunzu zose nasuye. ibyo rero bikorohera ahantu hari ubutaka bufite ubuherere gutransifera cg se guhereza ubwo buhehere inkuta zinzu iki ni ikibazo gikomeye cyo gukemurwa,turi hano ngo tubafashe.
2.CONDENSATION: Iyo umwuka ushyushye, uhuye nutose, hakonja vuba, ugahita usubira umwuka uhita usubira kuba ibitonganya. Muri macye, iyo munzu imbere hashyushye, noneho hakaba hari inkuta zifite ubukonje buri munsi ya temperature dufte condensation igomba kubaho(urugero uzarebe kumabati cyane cyane urebeye kunzu zidafite prafond uzarebe hejuru uzabona ibitonganya biriya bihita bikwereka ko hanze hakonje kurenza imbere munzu cg se uzafate ikirahuri kivuye muri frigo ugireke hanze ya frigo ibitonyanga bzahita bicyuzuraho inyuma,gusa iyo humidite ibaho gacye cyane kubera imterere y’ikirere cyacu- ibyo bibaho mugihe inzu yawe idafite umwuka udahagije kandi ukagira inkuta zikonje kuburyo bugaragara.
3.AMATIYO YANGIRITSE NDETSE N’IBIBAZO BYA PLOMBERI: Iyi ni imwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru zitera inkuta zimbere munzu kuzana humidite, akenshi zizanwa no gusaza cyangwa no gupfumuka kw’amatiyo, kandi iyo byirengagijwe, bishobora kwangiza inzu yawe. Ibyo bizagaragara mugihe utangiye kubona ibirabagwe kunkuta zinzu aho icyo kibazo kiri kandi ko hari ahantu hatose kurukuta.
4.INENGE Y’IGISENGE:Kwiyongera kw'amazi hejuru y'igisenge cyangwa kuri balkoni kubera kubura imiyoboro y'amazi ayatwara biviramo amazi kwishakira inzira nuko bikayaviramo kwinjira mu rukuta.
5.IKOSA RISANZWE RY’IMYUBAKIRE: Bikunze kubaho, kwemerera imvura n'amazi kwinjira mu bice by’ubwubatsi Igihe ubutaka cyangwa amazi yo munsi y'ubutaka yinjijwe n'ibikoresho byubakishijwe nk’amatafari yatwitswe cyangwa amatafari ya bloke sima n'ibindi n’ibindi.
6.PAVOMA IKOMEYE: Ifasha mu kubika ubuherere buri munsi yayo, iyo ari bwinshi bikabije bituma ubukonje buzamuka mubutaka budatambuka mugihe cya evaporation. mi muri urwo rwego ubukonje cg se iyo humidite ihita yishakira inzira munkuta(ex:amakaro,beton). Ikibazo gishobora gucyemuka mugihe habonetse inzobere ishobora gukora pavoma ituma ubuhehere bubona aho busohokera cyangwa hakorwa icyuho gito hagati ya pavoma n'urukuta kugira ngo ubukonje busohoke.
7.INENGE KURI ROOFING: Inkomoko ikunze kugaragara cyane mu nyubako z'urukuta ni ukunanirwa kwa roofing cg igitambaro gishyirwaho kugirango kibuze ubukonje kuzamuka munkuta zinzu. Icyo gitambaro kigomba gushyirwaho neza kandi bihagije kugirango birinde kuzamuka kubukonje buva mubutaka hasi. Ndashaka kubamenyesha ko hejuru ya 90% y’amazu maze gusura mubushakashatsi nakoze kandi bugikomeje DPM,DPC cg roofing yananiwe rwose guhagarika ubuhehere kuzamuka murukuta.
8.UBUTAKA BWISUMBUYE: niba ubutaka buri hanze yinkuta zinyuma burenze urwego rwimbere, urimo uraha ikaze humidite. Kubaka inzu hejuru yubutaka bizafasha kuyishyiriraho igitambaro kirwanya humidite kuzamuka munkuta (Damp Proof Membrane), bizaba igisubizo kiboneye cyubukonje buzamuka bunyuze mubikoresho byubakishijwe iyonzu.
9.FINISSAGE YO KWIDIRISHYA IDASOBANUTSE: Mastique cg igipande bidahagije bishobora gutuma humidite yinjira munkuta zinzu yawe binyuze mutwanya duto tugaragara mwidirishya. Kwangirika kwa mastique yo kubirahuri cyangwa irangi hagati yicadre y’idirishya n’urukuta by'ibirahuri bishobora kuba intandaro ya humidite kunzu yawe.
10.IKIBAZO CY’UMWUKA MUCYE: kubura umwuka uhagije bishobora gutera humidite bitewe no kugumana ubukonje bwinshi mu nzu. Iki kibazo gikunze kugaragara mu byumba by'igikoni n'ubwiherero. Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara ni ibitonyanga by’amazi(condensation) bikunda kwigaragaza ku nkuta n'amadirishya, nyuma y'igihe bikazatuma habaho ikwirakwira rya humidite.
11.UMUREKO WANGIRITSE: kwangirika kumureko bishobora guteza humidite munkuta zinzu. urugero, ni nk’umureko wangiritse ukunze gusuka amazi menshi kurukuta, bishobora guteza humidite no guteza ibirabagwe(mould) kurukuta rwinzu. Iyo ukwangirika k’umureko gutera imvura kugwa ahantu hamwe kurukuta rwo hanze, bishobora kandi bivamo kwangirika kurukuta.
12.UBUTAKA BWO HANZE Y'INZU Kubera ko amazi akikije inyubako atera ubuhehere kunkuta zinyubako, amazi yo kubutaka bwegeye hejuru afite ingaruka zikomeye kubishobora kuzamuka. Nkuko bisanzwe, pavoma yinzu ntijya yubakwa ku cyigero kimwe cyangwa munsi y’ubutaka bw’inyuma yinzu. Kurundi ruhande, urwego rw’ubutaka rushobora kuzamuka uko igihe kijyenda gihita.
1. Ubugenzuzi bw’ubuziranenge bw’inyubako
KUGENZURA IMITERERE Y'INYUBAKOIntego zacu zibanze ni ukurebera hamwe uko inyubako yifashe yaba ushaka gusanura inzu ye cyangwa se agiye kuyishyira kwisoko bityo bigafasha abaguzi n’abagurisha kumenya izo nenge izo nyubako zigiye gushyirwa kwisoko zishobora kuba zifite kandi bizafasha uruhande urwo arirwo rwose muguha agaciro uwo mutungo.DUFITE UBWOKO 3 BW'UBUJYENZUZI1. Raporo y'abagurisha amazu
2. Raporo y'abaguzi b'amazu
3. Raporo y'imiterere y'umutungoRaporo y'abagurisha amazuUbu bugenzuzi busuzuma ibintu byingenzi byumutungo kubibazo biwukomereye byingenzi kandi byihutirwa gukemura. Byongeye kandi, isuzuma agaciro k'umutungo kandi ikareba ikiguzi cy'ubwishingizi kugirango umuguzi ahabwe ishusho yumutungo mbere yuko afata umwanzuro wo kugura inzu yindoto ze.Raporo y'abaguzi b'amazuubu bugenzuzi buduha incamake yuko umutungo uhagaze, ndetse igaha nyirinzu ishusho yuko inyubako ye ihagaze ndetse nibicyenewe gukosorwa kugirango izajye kwisoko ishimwa nabaguzi. Iyi Raporo yerekana ibibazo byose cyangwa inenge zisaba gukosorwa.Raporo y’imiterere y’umutungoIyi raporo isuzuma byeruye umutungo wose. Iyi raporo kandi yerekana ibibazo byose cyangwa ibisabwa byo kubungabunga ndetse ikerekana ibigomba kwitabwaho ngo umutungo wongererwe ubuziranenge bwawo.
Kugenzura imiterere y’inzu n’iki? mbere yo gushyirwa kwisoko cg kugurwaUbugenzuzi ku mutungo ni uburyo bukorwa n’umugenzuzi wujuje ibisabwa. Ni ugusuzuma neza uko umutungo wifashe. Mubisanzwe bareba imiterere yinzu. Iyo ugiye kugura cyangwa kugurisha.
Inyungu zo kugenzura inyubako mbere yo gushyirwa kwisoko cg kugurwaIcyambere nuko Ibibazo bigaragara hakiri kare, kwemerera umugurisha kugira ibyo ahindura mbere yo gushyira inzu yabo kwisoko ndetse no kongera agaciro n’ubushobozi bwo kugurisha uwo mutungo. Ibi bishobora kuvamo kugurisha byihuse n’amafaranga menshi kubagurisha. Kugaragaza ibitameze neza kumutungo ugiye gushyirwa kwisoko hakiri kare bizagabanya inzitizi kubibazo bishobora kubonwa nuzavamo umuguzi kuko ibyo bigaragara nkibibazo bito bizaba byakemuwe. mugihe ibibazo byinshi bito bihujwe, bishobora kwangiza amasezerano, cyane cyane mugihe hagaragaye ikibazo gikomeye mugihe cy’ubugenzuzi bw’inyubako kuruhande rw’umuguzi niyo mpamvu gukoresha ubugenzuzi mbere yuko ushyira umutungo wawe kwisoko ari ingenzi.Abaguzi basanzwe basura inyubako bagiye kugura inshuro ebyiri gusa kandi bamara iminota itarenze 40 aho hantu. Kubwiyo mpamvu Umugenzuzi asuzuma inyubako akantu kukandi kandi afite igihe gihagije cyo kubinononsora neza.
Ibyiza byo gukoresha ubugenzuzi mbere yo gushyira umutungo wawe kwisoko•Inzu yawe ishobora kubona umukiriya vuba
•Ishobora kugurwa igiciro kiri hejuru
•Ntamuguzi uzasubira nyuma kubera kutizera ubuziranenge bwinyubako
•ibibazo nyamukuru bizakemurwa mbere yo gushyira inzu yawe kwisoko
•abaguzi ntibazasubira inyuma badaciririkanije.
Inyungu z’umuguziMbere yo kugura, ubugenzuzi bw’umutungo ni ngombwa kugirango uhabwe ishusho yibyutabasha Kubona n’amaso yawe uko umutungo umeze. nibindi bibazo bishobora kugira ingaruka kunyubako no kubaguzi. Ubugenzuzi buzacukumbura kuburyo bwimbitse ibitameze neza byari kuzakuviramo gusohora amafaranga atateganijwe, icyo kikaba ari igishoro cyiza kubaguzi. DASUCO ni ngombwa ni igisubizo kugirango igukorere ubugenzuzi nyabwo kunzu zanyu kandi bunoze mbere yuko mutanga Amafaranga yanyu mwakoreye nyuma yo kubira ibyuya byinshi.
Inyungu z’ugurishaKubahiriza ibipimo by’abakiriya no kwereka inenge z’umutungo wawe kandi tugatanga inama zuko byacyemuka mbere yuko ujyana umutungo wawe ku isoko byakagombye kuba intego yawe nyamukuru yo kugenzura inyubako yawe. Ibyo DASUCO ibigufashamo neza cyane. Irijyenzura rizafasha gukemura ibibazo byose biri kuri uwo mutungo ushaka gushyirwa kwisoko kandi birashoboka ko byazamura agaciro kayo mugihe umenye ibitameze neza mbere yo kuyishyira kwisoko.
Waba wifuza ko inzu yawe ikorerwa ubugenzuzi waba ugiye kugura cyangwa se kugurisha? waba se ufite humidite yaburiwe igisubizo? turagirango tuguhumurize tukubwira ko dasuco ltd yiteguye kugufasha mukibazo waba ufite. duhamagare tuze dusure inyubako yawe ubundi tugukorere raporo yibicyenewe kugirango ube aheza hatekanye.